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Urban Forestry

What is an urban forest? It is all of the trees and other vegetation in and around a town, village or city. Traditionally it has referred to tree-lined streets, but an urban forest also includes trees in home landscapes, schoolyards, parks, riverbanks, cemeteries, utility rights-of-way, adjacent woodlands and anywhere else trees can grow.

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Urban Ecosystems
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Urban forests enhance the quality of life. In addition to their aesthetic value, they reduce pollutants, filter the air, decrease temperatures therefore reducing urban heat islands, promote lower electricity bills and increase property values.

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Urban and Community Forestry - USDA Forest Service
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As our cities grow larger and faster than ever before, urban forestry has become an integral part of building sustainable urban communities. "Vital Communities through Healthy Ecosystems" is the Forest Service emphasis for managing urban and community forests.

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Trends in Working Forest Conservation Easements
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The increasing use of conservation easements to protect private, productive forestland and recent large-scale projects protecting tens or hundreds of thousands of acres are bringing out challenges and questions related to working forest conservation easements (WFCEs). WFCEs are easements developed specifically for working forests that are actively managed for timber or other marketable goods. In April 2001, a Land Trust Alliance (LTA) advisory panel of conservation easement and forest management practitioners from across the country discussed emerging WFCE trends and ongoing challenges, including forming complex partnerships with multiple parties in easement transactions, documenting and monitoring a forest’s multiple resources and managing public access on some working forestlands.

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Trees and Soil Compaction: A Selected Bibliography
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Soil compaction is one of the most common constraints on tree growth in the developed landscape. This publication provides a selected list of recent publications which provide descriptions, definitions, and treatments for soil compaction as it relates to landscapes and trees.

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Trees and Ice Storms: Ice Storm Resistant Urban Trees

Susceptibility ratings of species commonly planted in urban areas are presented for use in developing and maintaining healthy urban tree populations. Includes information about what causes ice storms.

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Tree Topping Hurts Trees

The practice of topping is so widespread that many people believe it is the proper way to prune trees. It's not, for a variety of practical and aesthetic reasons.

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Tree Roots in Urban Landscapes

The top of the tree is easy to see, thus any problems there are quickly noted. But did you know that much of the tree decline you see above ground is due to problems originating below ground?

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Tree Roots and Infrastructure Damage
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Division of space among the many and varied uses in our communities is highly competitive. The economic, environmental, sociological and psychological values generated and managed to assure our quality of life involves an interconnected fabric of biotic and abiotic features. Deeply woven into our developed support systems are natural systems which co-inhabit our useable space. As we concentrate and transport resources to support ourselves, the volumes and surfaces of our spaces become more resistant to the survival of other life forms.

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Tree Plantings Tips
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So you want to plant a tree...tips for choosing the right tree for the site to getting it in the ground.

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Tree Planting Area Size: Futuring Resource Availability and Constraints
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The success of tree plantings in communities and yards is dependent upon many features of species, site, and planting procedure. One component of site which directly affects new tree success, continued low maintenance growth, and relatively long life span is the open soil surface area and volume of soil colonized by roots. Selecting new planting sites for the availability of adequate resources, now and into the future, as trees expand their resources will maximize the chances of producing a great, long-lived tree.

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Tree-Literate Treehouses
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There is an attraction between trees and children. A tree's constant motion even in the stillest air, and its great size and reach make a tree fascinating. At some stage during child development, when motor skills and hand grip are refined and strong, tree climbing becomes a play task. The world is filled with trees to climb.

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Tree Heights & Force of Fall

Trees represent large amounts of potential energy standing above the ground. When trees fall, the force with which they hit the ground surface is proportional to their height to the fifth power.

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Timber Taxation
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Forest tax regulations are complex and subject to change. Many IRS agents and accountants are unfamiliar with them, so it is usually up to landowners to educate themselves. The following brief checklist is intended only to alert the reader to certain important points.

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Timber and the Economy of Alabama

Alabama's first residents called themselves "the thicket clearers," or "AlaBamas." The forest, once viewed as an impediment to agriculture, is now recognized as the backbone of the state economy. Trees from the forest feed an industry that directly employs more than 49,000 workers, indirectly provides employment for thousands more, and is the leading contributor to the gross state product.

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The Timberland Decision Support System

The Texas Forest Service TDSS is a web-based decision tool for non-industrial private forest landowners and others who are interested in timberland investment and management.

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The Role of the State Forestry Agency in Urban Forestry

This manual provides basic information for State forestry agency employees and others who work with communities on urban forestry. It can be used for self-guided learning, finding specific information on a topic and developing workshops and presentations.

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State Forestry Agencies

A complete listing of state forestry agencies.

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Soil Damage from Compaction

Having reviewed the primary means by which soils become compacted, the results of compaction can be estimated for tree and soil health.

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Soil Compaction & Trees: Causes, Symptoms & Effects
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The health and structure of trees are reflections of soil health. The ecological processes which govern tree survival and growth are concentrated around the soil/root interface. As soils, and associated resources change, tree systems must change to effectively utilize and tolerate changing resources quantities and qualities, as well as the physical space available. Soil compaction is a major tree-limiting feature of community forest managers and arborists.

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Selected Literature: Nitrogen and Tree Growth

Nitrogen availability for tree health maintenance and growth is one of the most constraining essential element problems faced by shade and street trees. Effective nitrogen use by trees involves a complex set of interwoven events, processes, and organisms.…

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Section 1: Recommended trees for Missouri Landscapes

The trees in this section are considered to be desirable species. They should grow well in Missouri when planted properly under the right conditions.

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Seasoning to Prevent Defects in Green Wood
Hits: 2 Added: November 05, 2008
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This publication provides information on some of problems and basic principles involved in seasoning lumber, wood disks and other small pieces of wood. It is intended to help individuals who would like to season small quantities of wood inexpensively and without sacrificing quality. Small mill owners may also find this information useful in the manufacture of dried wood products.

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Relative Tolerance of Tree Species to Construction Damage
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Each tree species, and each unique individual, will respond to the stress and strain of construction activities in different ways. Some species vary widely in their response to mechanical injury, pest attack, soil modifications, and micro-climatic changes associated with construction. As more tree tissues, physical space and essential resources are disrupted, the more a tree must effectively react to these changes to insure survival.

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Pruning Effects on Tree Growth: Growth Regulation Consequences
Hits: 1 Added: November 05, 2008
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This publication is a synthesis of the tree growth regulation and correlation literature. General processes and systems presented here represent educational models which professionals can use to better appreciate and understand basic tree functions. These models do not represent actual physiological mechanisms, but simple theoretical means of explaining tree reactions within the environment.

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Professional Arboriculture: Training Young Trees

The liability risks identified in mature trees can be easily corrected in young trees.

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Planting trees in landscapes

Well managed tree planting projects start with appropriate site analysis, customer expectations, and tree selection. Site conditions and after care capabilities should dictate maximum tree size at planting, root ball characteristics, appropriate tree production method, and tree structure.

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Need to Burn Debris?
Hits: 2 Added: November 05, 2008
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Throughout history, fire has been both a servant and an enemy of man. When under man’s control it provides light and heat, cooks food, and eliminates unwanted debris. Out of control, fire can damage or destroy valuable resources: forests needed for wood and fiber production; wildlife, its habitat and food sources; watersheds that produce high-quality water; soils; forage for domestic livestock; scenic beauty; man’s improvements to the land such as fences, outbuildings, homes, etc.; and sometimes human life itself.

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Natural Cities: Urban Ecology and the Restoration of Urban Ecosystems
Hits: 1 Added: November 05, 2008
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The scientific community now embraces the emerging field of urban ecology as both valid and central to understanding the global environment. Given the concentration of human activity in urban centers, that humans are the dominant species in all ecosystems, and the pace of environmental change, urban ecology is a critical area for environmental research. Understanding urban natural resources and urban natural systems also has important implications for public health, economic development, education and community development in urban areas.

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Minimizing Wildfire Risk - A forest landowner's guide

A management guide for landowners who wish to assess and reduce the risk of wildfire.

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