Stem Strength with Closed / Centered Cavity

The structural integrity of tree stems, roots and branches are dependent upon a number of very conservative allocation and building processes. Mechanical injuries, growth faults, and decay processes all significantly impact how dynamic loads are resisted within the tree. One form of tree response to decay and mechanical load changes is a boundary setting process which under some conditions lead to a cavity. Hollow trees can be found everywhere tree-forms exist.

The link address is: http://warnell.forestry.uga.edu/service/library/for00-018/for00-018.pdf