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Can we stop "killer algae" from invading Florida?
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Introduced species that cause harm to ecosystems, economies, or human health represent a serious threat in Florida and around the world. One example of such a species, an invasive species, is “killer algae” or the Mediterranean strain of Caulerpa taxifolia. This fact sheet explains the origin of “killer algae,” the changes it has wrought, what it looks like, how it invades so successfully, and what each of us can do about preventing an invasion in Florida.
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Common Causes of Oak Mortality
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Discusses the common causes, and some solutions, of oak tree maladies and death in Florida
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Anthracnose of acacia in Florida: occurrence and fungicidal control
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Describes the Anthracnose fungus of Acacia trees in Florida and its prevention and management.
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Ash Rust
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Describes the characteristics and life cycle of Puccinia sparganioides, the fungus responsible for Ash rust, and its prevention and management.
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Cercosporidium Blight of Leyland Cypress and Related Conifers
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Profiles Cercosporidium Blight and the conifer trees it affects
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Needle Cast of Pines
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describes and details the Needle casts that plague Florida's pine trees
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Needlecasts of Pines in Florida
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Describes the Needlecast fungi affecting Florida pines
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Needle Necrosis of Norfolk Island Pine
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Describes the needle necrosis of Norfolk Island pines, caused by the Collectotrichum derridis fungus (with supplementary pictures)
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Needle Rusts of Pines
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Describes the biology, management and prevention (with supplementing pictures) of fungi in the genus Coleosporium, responsible for needle rusts.
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Determining the Value of an Orchard Tree
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Determining the value of an orchard tree that has been destroyed by natural or unnatural causes is required for tax and insurance purposes and for Federal/State agricultural assistance programs. Coming up with reliable estimates is not simple and can be very expensive when hiring consultants. The purpose of this article is to provide step-by-step instructions for using the agecon-trec software program to estimate the value of a tree that has been destroyed.
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Citrus Cold Weather Protection and Irrigation Scheduling Tools Using Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN) Data
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With a crop value of $597 million in 2006/07, citrus is the most important horticultural crop grown in Florida. The 2.4 million tons of annual citrus production in Florida accounts for approximately 75 and 20% of United States and world citrus production, respectively. Agricultural water use has become a greater concern for citrus production in Florida due to increasing competition between agricultural, commercial, and residential use of limited water supplies. Tools have been developed for the FAWN that will assist citrus growers in improving frost protection and irrigation scheduling while saving water. These tools are the Cold Protection Toolkit and the Citrus Microsprinkler Irrigation Scheduler. Use of these tools, potential benefits to citrus growers and water savings are described below.
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4-H Project Record Book: Fins & Scales
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Handbook explaining fish anatomy to 4-H students.
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Dwarfing and Freeze Hardiness Potential of Trifoliate Orange Rootstocks
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Details the usefulness of freeze-hardy rootstocks in citrus growing.
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Microsprinkler Irrigation for Cold Protection of Florida Citrus
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More than nearly any other factor, freezes have caused some of the most dramatic changes in fruit supply, availability, and price. Thus, any method that provides some cold protection can be of major importance to citrus growers. Many cold protection methods have been used over the years. These methods include heaters, wind machines, fog generators, high volume over-tree irrigation, and low volume undertree microsprinkler irrigation. Low volume undertree microsprinkler irrigation is an alternative method for partial frost protection and can be more affordable than other methods (Fig. 1). Microsprinklers have proven effective during several freeze nights in central Florida tests. In addition to frost protection, microsprinklers can provide effective year-round irrigation
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Flatwoods Citrus Best Management Practice: Minimizing Direct Deposition of Pesticides into Waterways
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Details how to best avoid and lessen water contamination due to pesticide use
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Flatwoods Citrus Best Management Practice: Soil Stabilization
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This best management practice describes stabilization practices for erosion-prone soils within flatwoods citrus groves
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Flatwoods Citrus Best Management Practice: Riser-Board Structures
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details the use of riser-boards to control water table levels and surface water levels in drainage and irrigation ditches
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Water Table Measurement and Monitoring for Flatwoods Citrus
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How to properly measure and manage the water table in flatwood citrus groves
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Citrus BMP Implementation in Florida's Gulf Citrus Production Area: Nutrients
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In 2005 we conducted a survey in cooperation with Gulf Citrus Growers Association (GCGA) and FDACS to quantify the current level of BMP implementation and to identify BMPs that might be adopted if a cost-share program was available. The survey questionnaire included five major BMP categories: water volume, sediment control, aquatic plant control, pesticide use, and nutrients. This publication describes the survey and discusses the findings regarding nutrient BMPs. The target audience for this publication is citrus growers; allied industry, local, state, and federal agencies; and parties interested in nutrients and water quality in the southwest Florida region.
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Florida's Outdoor Burning and Forest Fire Laws
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Details basic outdoor burning laws to help prevent forest fire
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Forest Health Fundamentals
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discusses what constitutes 'forest health' and the application of this term to Florida's forests
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Hurricanes and the Harvesting Decisions
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This paper addresses the generic question of whether a crop should be harvested after sustaining significant loss. This paper provides a citrus grower with a roadmap to determine the economic criteria for harvesting the remaining crop. Conversely, when is it in the best economic interest for a grower to abandon the remaining crop? While the hurricanes of 2004 motivated this paper, the analysis is applicable to any situation arising from natural disasters, pest infestations, or collapsing market prices.
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Citrus BMP Implementation in Florida's Gulf Citrus Production Area: Water, Sediment, and Aquatic Weeds
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In 2005 we conducted a survey in cooperation with the Gulf Citrus Growers Association (GCGA) and FDACS to quantify the current level of BMP implementation and to identify BMPs that might be adopted if a cost-share program was available. This publication describes the survey and discusses the findings regarding water, sediment, and aquatic weed BMPs.
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Detention/Retention for Citrus Stormwater Management
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Describes structural and nonstructural controls used in water management, and the detention/retention processes and their benefits.
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Continuous Canopy Shake Mechanical Harvesting Systems
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Explains and informs of Continuous Canopy Shake Harvesting systems
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1997 Cash Receipts from Timber Harvests by County
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This site provides a factual reference table of the status of the forest and natural resources in South Carolina by county.
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A Checklist for Efficient Log Trucking
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A great guide for lowering cost associated with log transportation.
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A Federal Income Tax Primer for North Carolina Christmas Tree Growers
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A tax guide for Christmas tree production.
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A Field Guide for Ground Checking Southern Pine Beetle Spots
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This handbook shows how to recognize various stages of SPB attack, how to decide if control is needed, and how to mark buffer strips for control crews.
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A Guide for 4-H Wood Science Projects
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The purpose of Wood Science Projects is to introduce young people to the characteristics of wood that give it potential as a raw material for products as varied as furniture for homes, lumber for construction, barrels for liquids and airplane parts.
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A Guide for Prescribed Fire in Southern Forests
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This guide provides basic information needed to help you become technically proficient in the proper use of prescribed fire. A glossary toward the end of this manual will help you with unfamiliar terms.
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A Guide to Cost-Share Assistance Requirements for Forestry Practices
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This brochure provides information on requirements for participation in cost-share programs, along with a list of landowner and contractor responsibilities.
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A Guide To Increasing Financial Returns From Your Woodland
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When a forest is harvested using either the individual tree or group selection method1, trees to be cut or retained are commonly selected based on a number of factors including species, quality, diameter, distance from other trees, health and vigor, non-timber value, risk of loss or damage, and maturity.
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A Handbook for Forest Vegetation Management in Recreation and Historic Parks
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This handbook provides information on general forest ecology for parks in the Southeastern United States, as well as management advice for achieving many objectives common to recreational and historical parks in the region. Maintaining healthy forests, dealing with exotic species, controlling turf and meadow areas, and creating screens and windbreaks are all common issues faced by many park managers. These and more are addressed in this handbook.
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A Homeowner's Guide to Living with Bears
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A House Invader from the Wild Garden
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Some animal is living in my attic,'' the caller said. ``I've collected droppings--can you tell me what they are?''
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A Hunter's Guide to Aging and Judging Live White-Tailed Deer in the Southeast
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Managing deer population numbers and sex ratio requires selective harvest. This publication provides a few general physical criteria for aging and sexing deer before harvest.
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A Hunting Lease for Your CRP Pines
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A stand of young planted pines in the midst of cropland can add to the value of a hunting lease by providing escape cover for deer, rabbits, and certain other game.
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A Key to Common Trees of Alabama
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This key can help you easily identify any of the 66 most common trees found in Alabama. Keys such as this one, which is based on a series of choices between two statements, are called dichotomous keys. This key was designed for use during the growing season. Leaf and bark characteristics are the primary features used for identifying trees.
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A Landowner's Guide to Building Foesty Access Roads
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Roads provide needed access to small woodlots; however, high costs, land disturbance, degradation of water quality, and destruction of fish habitat can all result from poor development, construction, and maintenance of forest roads. This guide was developed to give private owners of small woodlots the basic information needed to avoid these problems and protect valued natural resources.
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A Landowner's Guide to Wildlife Abundance Through Forestry
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The satisfaction of working with nature to increase wildlife abundance, and at the same time, of leaving to the next generation property of increasing economic and esthetic values can be yours through careful but decisive management.
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A Landowners Guide to Working with Recreationists
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A Landowner's Guide to Working with Sportsmen in Virginia
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This publication discusses (1) liability, (2) alternative ways of managing access to private lands, and (3) uses and methods of posting. -In the appendices are a model lease agreement, permission card, and sources of assistance for landowners.
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A Logger's Guide to Forest Planning
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A good planning guide for harvest operations.
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A Murderer Visits the Wild Garden
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On May 13 a mystery creature broke into Leslie Sprando's duck pen. The animal had apparently climbed up the door and had forced its way in where the door was loose at the top.
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A New Sense of Community: Defining Social Changes
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The term "community" is loosely and superfluously used in many contexts. Many times the term "community" is jargon for assuring inclusion and a delineator of political boundaries.
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A Plain Little Bird: Attracting the Eastern Phoebe
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There is a little known bird that makes an interesting addition to your wild garden. You can attract it with some minor adjustments to your garden plan. This bird is not a gaudy dresser like the bluebird. He is plain, subtle dark gray above, light below.
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A Series of Workshops & Short-Courses for Educators
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The Baltimore Ecosystem Study project offers a series of workshops and short courses - Investigating Urban Ecosystems - to help teachers incorporate student research in the local environment into their teaching. These programs can be taken by any teacher, and stipends often can be arranged with the teachers' school or school district.
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A Simple Timber Cruising Template
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Here is a handy template that can help you inventory your forest. The spreadsheet was designed by forester Bruce Springer and is a quick and easy way to generate general forest inventory data. It was created with simplicity in mind and can be used by either a tree owner or a forester.
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A Survival Model for Shortleaf Pine Tress Growing in Uneven-Aged Stands
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A survival model for shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) trees growing in uneven-aged stands was developed using data from permanently established plots maintained by an industrial forestry company in western Arkansas. The model was developed for use in an individual-tree growth simulator for uneven-aged shortleaf pine forests.
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A Technical Guide to Urban and Community Forestry
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The Technical Guide to Urban Forestry was produced to help communities develop, manage and protect their urban forest resources. The purpose of this publication is to provide technical information about growing trees in the relatively adverse urban environment.
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Agricultural Management Practices And Soil Quality: Measuring, Assessing, and Comparing Laboratory and Field Test Indicators of Soil Quality Attribute
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This publication describes: (1) some indicators of soil that can be measured with a simple test kit developed by the United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS); (2) directions for interpreting these measurements; (3) the effects of soil amendments on soil quality attributes; and (4) comparisons of field kit and laboratory results.
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Agroforestry in Minnesota: A Guide to Resource & Demonstration Sites
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This guide is designed to provide information on the concepts and practices of agroforestry.
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Air Drying of Lumber
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This report describes how lumber can be air-dried most effectively under outdoor conditions and illustrates the principles and procedures of air-drying lumber that were developed through field investigations and observations of industrial practices.
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Air Seasoning (Drying) of Wood
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Drying, (air seasoning) wood can be complex. The purpose of this guide is to outline some of the important points in drying small quantities of wood.
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Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
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State Game & Fish agency for Alabama
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Alabama Forestry Commission
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The Mission of the Alabama Forestry Commission is three- fold: to Protect the Forests from all harmful agents; to Service and Help Landowners to carry out responsible forest management on their property, using professional technical assistance so as to benefit themselves, their land and society; and to Educate the General Public about the value of our forests in insuring both a healthy economy and environment.
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Alaska Community Forestry Program
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A community or urban forest is all the trees growing in and around a city, town, or village. It includes trees in parks, school yards, home landscapes, utility rights-of-way, vacant lots, greenbelts and along stream banks. Shrubs, ground covers, soil, wildlife, and water bodies are also part of the urban forest. Streets, buildings, utilities, parking lots, and, most importantly, people, are an integral part of the urban ecosystem.
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Allelopathy in Trees
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Trees have developed in ecological systems filled with many other organisms. The environment, shared by all, contains limited resources and less-than-ideal growth conditions. Allelopathy is one strategy of life.
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Allelopathy in Trees and Forests: A Selected Bibliography
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Allelopathy in trees and forests is an important health care issue. Allelopathy is the chemical modification of the site by an individual to enhance interference effectiveness. Allelopathy also involves the ecological communications between species which can positively or negatively influence growth, behavior, reproduction, and survival of associated species.
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ALN No. 42: Kuchelmeister: Urban trees in arid landscapes
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The human habitat is rapidly urbanizing. By 2030, the urban population globally will be twice as large as the rural population (World Bank n.d.). Especially in developing countries, this rapid urbanization is exacerbating serious problems such as availability of food, fuel, water, employment, and shelter. The enormous toll in terms of losses to human health and quality of life, natural resources, and economic productivity, makes a compelling case for action
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Amber Darter (Percina antesella)
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The amber darter is a small perch-like fish usually less than 2.5 inches (6 cm) long with a series of dark blotches along the sides and four dark "saddles" along the back It is a golden to brown color on the back, amber or yellowish along the middle of th...
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American Forest and Paper Association
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Sustainable forestry is a dynamic concept that will evolve with experience and new knowledge provided through research. AF&PA views these Principles and Implementation Guidelines as the latest of many steps in a progressive evolution of United States industrial forestry practices.
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American Forests: Urban Forests - Trees Working Where People Do
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As our cities expand and our population moves to increasingly urbanized areas, American Forests recognizes the ecological value of urban trees as an important conservation issue. Though it is inherently understood that trees improve our environment, until recently it was difficult to quantify these effects.
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American Ginseng Production in Woodlots
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American Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus anatum)
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This fast-flying bird of prey is about the size of a crow - a foot and a half long (0.5 m). In flight, it has a 3.5 foot (1.1 m) pointed wingspread. At rest, the bird has a heavy-shouldered, tapering look. Adult falcons are dark, slate gray above. The hea...
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American Planning Association
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The need for planners to shape a community vision has never been greater. The American Planning Association brings together thousands of people � practicing planners, citizens, elected officials � committed to making great communities happen.
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An Ecosystems Approach to Natural Resources Management
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Our nationand especially Kentuckyhas an abundance of renewable natural resources, including timber, wildlife, and water. As the nation grows and prospers, we extract natural resources through agriculture, forestry, mining, urban or industrial expansion, and other developments. Ultimately, we affect the amount of wild lands that native plants and animals need for survival.
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An Intelligent Frog
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A couple of months ago I wrote about how to make a pond for treefrogs--one they could have to themselves--so as to breed without the predation and competition of larger frogs like the bullfrog and green frog.
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An Introduction to Forest Certification
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Forest certification, or green certification is an attempt to identify forestland that is managed towards the goal of sustainability.
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Angler's Guide to Fish Diseases and Parasites
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Occasionally anglers catch fish that show signs of infection or parasitism. Is the fish safe to eat? The usual and safest response to this question is, "When in doubt--don't." However, very few fish diseases can be transferred to humans. Almost all fish a...
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Animal Waste Management and the Environment:
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Animal waste includes livestock and poultry manure, bedding and litter, plus such things as dairy parlor waste water, feedlot runoff, silage juices from trench silos and even wasted feed. These wastes can affect water quality if proper practices are not followed. These protective practices are very often referred to as best management practices (BMPs) and includes facilities or structures, management practices or vegetative cover.
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Anthracnose - A Fungal Disease of Shade Trees
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Anthracnose is a name for a group of diseases caused by several closely related fungi that attack many of our finest shade trees. This publication describes common anthracnose fungus, its symptoms, and methods of controlling it.
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Anthracnose Disease of Shade Trees
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This publication discusses the Anthracnose disease, its victims, symptoms, and damage.
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Application of Poultry Litter to Pine Forests
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This publication reports on some preliminary research``into the application of poultry litter to a pine plantation and``attempts to answer the following questions:`` What is the potential for poultry litter applications on``forest land to harm surface or groundwater?`` What is the effect of poultry litter applications on pine tree``growth?`` What are other practical concerns which may limit the use``of poultry litter as a fertilizer on forest lands?
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Applying Pesticides Safely
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Proper use of pesticides is essential for your safety and for that of the environment. And, pesticides must be properly used to be effective.
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Aquaculture Development Plan
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The Aquaculture Development Commission was established by the Georgia General Assembly in 1988. The purpose of the Commission is to facilitate the development of the aquaculture industry in Georgia. This Development Plan represents one of the goals of the Commission.
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Aquaculture Newsletter 5.1
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This newsletter contains four articles: "Aquaculture predicted to be a 'Major Growth Industry in the 21st Century'" "Marketing Catfish Means Making a Sale," "HCG and FDA," and "Sportfish Pond Fertilizers"
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Aquaculture Newsletter 7.1
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This newsletter contains nine articles including "Why Use Minnows in Catfish Ponds?," "Fish Growth in Sportfishing Ponds," "PESCAT Handbooks Available," "Getting a Head Start on Pond Weeds," "Ich--The Parasite Problem," "Conserving Water in a Levee Pond."...
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Aquatic Identification and Control: Spatterdock and Yellow Water Lily BROKEN
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This publication provides information on controlling spatterdock and yellow water lily.
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Aquatic Plant Fact and Weed ID Sheets
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This site provides factual information on various invasive aquatic plants.
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Aquatic Weed Control: Using Grass Carp BROKEN
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A number of studies have determined grass carp preferences of the various common aquatic plants, and results from some of that work are summarized in this publication.
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Aquatic Weed Identification and Control BROKEN
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This publication provides information on controlling various types of algae.
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Aquatic Weed Identification and Control: Burreed and Bulrush BROKEN
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Although burreed and bulrush are seldom a problem, this publication provides treatments that can easily be used to control them if necessary.
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Aquatic Weed Identification and Control: Cattail and Spikerush BROKEN
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This publication provides information on controlling cattail and spikerush.
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Aquatic Weed Identification and Control: Duckweed and Water Hycinth BROKEN
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The attractive water hycinth and abundant duckweed are usually not problematic, however, at times they may become pests. This publication offers suggestions on treatments that can be used to easily rid yourself of these two aquatic weeds.
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Aquatic Weed Identification and Control: Frogbit and Watershield BROKEN
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Although neither frogbit nor watershield typically cause problems in Mississippi, it may be necessary at some time to control its growth. This publication provides information on treatments.
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Aquatic Weed Identification and Control: Hydrilla BROKEN
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Although alligator weed is one of the most difficult aquatic weeds to control, this publication provides some treatments that usually give good results.
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Aquatic Weed Identification and Control: Pondweed and Bladderwort BROKEN
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This publication describes pondweed and bladderwort, and it provides information on treatments that may be used to control the two aquatic weeds.
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Aquatic Weed Identification and Control: Water Pennywort and Mosquito Fern BROKEN
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This publication provides information on biological and chemical treatments for water pennywort and mosquito fern.
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Aquatic Weed Identification and Control: Water Primrose and Smartweed BROKEN
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This publication offers treatments for controlling these two aquatic weeds which grow abundantly in Mississippi.
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Aquatic Weed Identification and Control: White Waterlily and American Lotus BROKEN
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Although the white waterlily and American lotus are attractive, they can both become serious pests. This publication provides information on controlling their growth.
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Arboriculture Association
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The Arboriculture Association seeks to advance the science of arboriculture for the public benefit.
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Arkansas Forestry Association
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Several landowner publications about forest management are available on this site.
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Arkansas Forestry Commission
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In cooperation with the University of Arkansas System, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Arkansas landowners, the Arkansas Forestry Commission (AFC) will protect and develop the forest resources of Arkansas by preventing and suppressing wildfires, monitoring and promoting forest health, encouraging reforestation and forest resource stewardship, and gathering and disseminating forest resource information.
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ARM! For the future: adaptive resource management in the wildlife...
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This essay advocates a general philosophy and protocol for wildlife research and management.The central issue is the application of sound scientific principles to solve problems.
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Assessing Construction Damage:Tree Damage Exposure Values and Recovery Time
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Tree-literacy is critical to living with and among trees in our built-up environments.
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Assessing Extent and Severity of Mechanical Injuries in Trees
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Assessing new mechanical injuries present in a tree using visual, non-invasive observations is difficult and prone to wild variability, inaccuracy, and assessor subjectivity. Assessment of relative damage levels is valuable when precision allows for comparisons across one site and over many sites. Judging recent mechanical injuries from visual criteria, although imperfect, can help gauge the relative amount of damaged tissue visible and estimate the total amount of damaged tissue present.
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Assessing Landscape Tree Loss After a Disaster
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Along with assessing structural damage to property caused by a storm or flood, property owners may need to calculate the financial loss represented by damage to trees and other landscaping. This publication helps owners determine the value of the damaged trees and landscaping.
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Assessing Pruning Wound Damage
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To better understand and minimize damage to trees during pruning, an assessment system was developed. This system is based upon long-term tree functions and reactions to wounding.
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