Critical Force for Buckling Tree Stems

Tree strength and stiffness can resist significant forces and not fail. A large proportion of this strength lies with the thickness (diameter) of the stem. Stem buckling occurs when an exerted force begins and continues to bend the stem beyond recovery.

The link address is: http://www.urbanforestrysouth.org/resources/library/critical-force-for-buckling-tree-stems/file_name