Christmas Tree Pest Manual
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/misc/xmastree/index.htm
This manual can help you identify and control damaging Christmas tree pests in the North Central region of the United States. Most of the information also applies to the northeastern states and to the southern portions of the Canadian Provinces that border these states.
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Collect Field Samples and Identify the Oak Wilt Fungus in the Laboratory
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos/ht_oaklab/toc.htm
Oak wilt is a serious disease that infects many species of oak. It is responsible for the death of thousands of oak trees in forests, woodlots, and home landscapes each year. Oak wilt occurs in the eastern U.S., in an area delimited by Minnesota, Texas, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina.
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Critical Force for Buckling Tree Stems
http://www.forestry.uga.edu/warnell/service/library/index.php3?docID=410
Tree strength and stiffness can resist significant forces and not fail. A large proportion of this strength lies with the thickness (diameter) of the stem. Stem buckling occurs when an exerted force begins and continues to bend the stem beyond recovery.
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EXTFOR - Urban Tree Care
http://www.clemson.edu/extfor/urban_tree_care/
Urban trees are vital to the quality of our lives! They shade our streets, enhance the appearance and value of our homes, and improve the environment -- just a few examples of the many significant benefits of urban trees.
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Forest and Shade Tree Health
http://www.cnr.umn.edu/FR/extension/forestandshadetreehealth.html
Educational materials containing forest and shade tree health information, by category
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Fungicide Injection to Control Dutch Elm Disease: Understanding the Options
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/misc/ded/ded.htm
In some situations, injecting trees with fungicides is an effective treatment for the management of Dutch elm disease (DED). Several injection products are on the market, and various means of application are recommended. Each product and method has pros and cons. The "best" product depends on the individual tree its current condition, the objectives of the treatment, and the resources available.
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Grow and Maintain a
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos/ht_birch/ht_birch.htm
In many landscapes, birch trees begin to decline within a few years, and many trees die well before reaching maturity. A healthy birch tree should be able to survive and thrive for 40-50 years. In many yards, however, it is not unusual for birch trees, especially the white-barked birches, to die well before reaching 20 years of age.
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Gypsy Moth Handbook
http://www.fs.fed.us/na/morgantown/fhp/gm/gmhb.htm
The gypsy moth is the most important defoliating insect of hardwood trees in the Eastern United States (fig. 1). Since the turn of the century, millions of dollars have been spent in efforts to control or eliminate gypsy moth populations and to retard natural and artificial spread. In the early decades of this century, outbreaks occurred only in New England; today defoliation by the gypsy moth is far more severe and widespread
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How to Diagnose Black Walnut Damage
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos/ht_walnut/cover.htm
Black walnut trees, like all other plants, are susceptible to a variety of injuries that reduce or destroy their usefulness. The first step in preventing or controlling these injuries is to identify their cause. Most damage is caused by disease, insects, birds, mammals, or weather.
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How to Save Dutch Elm Diseased Trees By Pruning
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos/ht_save/ht_save.htm
Dutch elm disease (DED), caused by the fungus, Ceratocystis ulmi, is the most devastating shade tree disease in the United States. Healthy elms can become diseased by 1) elm bark beetles that carry the fungus from elm to elm, or 2) through root grafting with already infected trees. Along with wilt symptoms, streaking (sapwood discoloration), a characteristic internal symptom of the disease, progresses rapidly down from limbs inoculated by bark beetles (Allison 1978).
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